2016 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套）解析 Part I Writing 【参考范文】 Currently, on-line learning is booming all around the world as an increasing number of people prefer to use the Internet to take courses and acquire knowledge instead of attending school. E-learning provides many options in terms of time, location, subjects and costs. It can be predicted that students’ lives will absolutely and definitely be changed as e-learning becomes more and more popular in the future. Firstly, there is no doubt that online learning offers students more up-to-date knowledge, allowing them to keep up with the latest development in each field. Additionally, students can choose their learning location and time much more freely. Lastly, e-learners do not have to pay the expenses of transportation and accom- modation, so the cost of e-learning will be less than that of attending a traditional school. Consequently, that is the reason why a lot of people give up attending school in favor of e-learning. Although it is beneficial for students to choose online courses, the personal interaction between teachers and stu- dents in schools is irreplaceable. Therefore, we should combine attending school and e-learning together. 1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech. 2. B) Strategic innovation. 3. C) Innovate constantly. 4. D) Imitation by one＇s competitors. 5. A) The job of an interpreter. 6. B) Admirable. 7. B) They all have professional qualifications. 8. C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting. Section B 9. C) It might increase the risk of infants＇ death. 10. D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers. 11. B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies. 12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US. 13. D) To revitalise America＇s native languages. 14. A) The US government＇s policy of Americanising Indian children. 15. C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages. Section C 16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work. 17. B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers. 18. C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies. 19. D) They investigated the ice. 20. D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought. 21.C) The decline of Arctie ice is irreversible. 22. D) There is no easy technological solution to it. 23. B) The relation between children＇s self-control and their future success. 24. B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families. 25. A) Self-control can be improved through education. 真题听力原文(第二套) Section A Conversation One W: So, Mike, you managed the innovation project at CucinTech. M: I did, indeed. W: Well, then. First, congratulations! It seems to have been very successful. M: Thanks. Yes. I really helped things turn around at CucinTech. W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovation? M: Yes, yes. I think it was. CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing, and getting rapidly left behind. I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential, particularly in their product development. I just had to harness that somehow. W: Was innovation at the core of the project? M: Absolutely. If it doesn＇t sound like too much of a cliche, our world is constantly changing and it“s changing quickly. We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. Stand still, and you#re lost. W: No stopping to sniff the roses? M: Well, I$ll do that in my personal life. Sure. But as a business strategy, I%m afraid there is no stopping. W: What exactly is strategic innovation then? M: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company and that is related to the company＇s overall strategy. W: I see. M: So, instead of innovation for innovation＇s sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there, the company culture must switch from these point-in-time innovations to a continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone. W: How did you align strategies throughout the company? M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. People take no notice. Simply, it came about through good practice trickling down. This built consent. People could see it was the best way to work. W: Does innovation on this scale really give a competitive advantage? M: I＇m certain of it. Absolutely, especially if it＇s difficult for a competitor to a copy. The risk is of course that innovation may frequently lead to imitation. W: But not if it＇s strategic? M: Precisely. W: Thanks for talking to us. M: Sure. Questions 1to4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker? 2. What did the company lack before the man＇s scheme was implemented? 3. What does the man say he should do in his business? 4. What does the man say is the risk of innovation? Conversation Two M: Today my guest is Dana Ivanovich, who has worked for the last 20 years as an interpreter. Dana, welcome. W: Thank you. M: Now, I＇d like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself as a foreign correspondent. So I’m full of admiration for what you do. But I think your profession is sometimes underrated and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it. W: There aren“t any interpreters I know who don#t have professional qualifications and training. You only really get profession after many years in the job. M: And am I right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods: simultaneous and consecutive interpreting. W: That$s right. The techniques you use are different. And a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful. M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone＇s words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult. W: Well, actually no. Most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful. You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language before you then put it into the second language which puts your short-term memory under intense stress. M: You make notes, I presume? W: Absolutely. Anything like numbers, names, places have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word. You have to find a way of summarizing it. So that the message is there, turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much. M: But with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking, you must have some preparation beforehand. W: Well, hopefully, the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance, you have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on. Questions 5to8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5.What are the speakers mainly talking about? 6.What does the man think of Dana＇s profession? 7.What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows? 8.What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting? Section B Passage One Mothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their new-born infant is a bad idea, because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly during the night. But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences, not for the child, but for the mother. Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleep than mothers whose baby slept elsewhere in the house. They woke up more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night, and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep. These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on the other hand, didn＇t appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers. The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-class Israelis. It，s possible the results would be different in different cultures. Lead author Lyati Sotski wrote in an email that the research team also didn-t measure fathers＇ sleep. So it＇s possible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for mums. Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies, but sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be best for the baby, but may take a toll on mum. Questions 9toll are based on the passage you have just heard. 9. What is the long-held view about mothers“ sleeping with new-born babies? 10.What do Israeli researchers＇ findings show? 11.What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do? Passage Two The US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct. uWe need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use,“ says Fred Nawusky of the National Museum of the American Indian. “We are making progress, but money needs to be spent on revitalizing languages, not just documenting them.“ Some 40 languages mainly in California and Oklahoma where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th century have fewer than 10 native speakers. Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don%t always believe their languages are endangered until they are down to the last handful of speakers. uBut progress is being made through emerging schools, because if you teach children when they are young, it will stay with them as adults and that&s the future,“ says Mr. Nawusky, a Comanche Indian. Such schools have become a model in Hawaii, but the islanders’ local language is still classed by UNESCO as critically endangered because only 1,000 people speak it. The decline in American Indian languages has its historical roots. In the mid-19th century, the US government adopted a policy of Americanizing Indian children by removing them from their homes and culture. Within a few generations, most had forgotten their native tongues. Another challenge to language survival is television. It has brought English into homes, and pushed out traditional storytelling and family time together, accelerating the extinction of native languages. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12.What do we learn from the report? 13.For what purpose does Fred Nawusky appeal for more funding? 14.What is the historical cause of the decline in American Indian Languages? 15.What does the speaker say about television? Section C Recording one Greg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly three years ago and is still unemployed. “It literally is like something in a dream to remember what it＇s like to actually be able to go out and put in a day＇s work and receive a day＇s pay.“ At first Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance. It pays laid-off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work. But now, that insurance has run out for him and he has to make tough choices. He-s cut back on medications and he no longer helps support his disabled mother. It is a devastating experience. New research says the US recession is now over. But many people remain unemployed and unemployed workers face difficult odds. There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers, so four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job. Businesses have downsized or shutdown across America, leading fewer job opportunities for those in search of work. Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania say about 28,000 people are unemployed and many of them are jobless due to no fault of their own. Thafs where the Bucks County Careerlink comes in. Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities. “So here’s the job opening. Here＇s the job seeker. Match them together under one roof,“ she says. But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help. Rosen says he hopes Congress will take action. This month, he launched the Ninety-Niners Union, an umbrella organization of eighteen Internet- based grass roots groups of Ninety-Niners. Their goal is to convince law makers to extend unemployed benefits. But Pennsylvania State representative Scott Petri says governments simply do not have enough money to extend unemployment insurance. He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that can create more jobs. But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time. Time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments. Rosen says he%ll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the home he worked for more than twenty years to buy. But once that money is gone, he says he doesn’t know what he＇ll do. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16.How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed? 17.What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County Careerlink doing? 18.What does Pennsylvania state representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed? Recording Two Earlier this year, British explorer Pen Huddle and his team tracked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice. “Well, we)ve been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that+s been around for a few years and just get thicker and thicker. We actually found there wasn＇t any multi-year ice at all.“ Satellite observations and submarine service over the past few years had shown less ice in the polar region. But the recent measurements show the lost is more pronounced than previously thought. u We are looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover on the Arctic ocean in ten years, roughly ten years and 100 percent loss in nearly twenty years.“ Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams, who.s been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971, says the decline is irreversible. The more you lose, the more open water is created, the more warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the less ice forms in the winter, the more melt there is the following summer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until ifs all gone.“ Martin Summercorn runs the Arctic program for the environmental charity the World Wildlife Fund. uThe Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the earth’s climate system and it’s deteriorating faster than expected. Actually, it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem and reduce emissions.“ Summercorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions blamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit in December. “We have to basically achieve there—the commitment to deal with the problem now. That’s the minimum. We have to do that equitably. And that we have to find a commitment that is quick.“ Waddams echoes the need for urgency. “The carbon that we’ve put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years. So we have to cut back rapidly now. Because it would take a long time to work its way through into our response by the atmosphere. We can’t switch off global warming just by being good in the future. We have to start being good now.“ Waddams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change. He and other scientists say there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels. Generating energy with renewables or embracing nuclear power. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. 19.What did Pen Huddle and his team do in the Arctic Ocean? 20.What does the report say about the Arctic region? 21.What does Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams say in his study? 22.How does Peter Waddams view climate change? Recording Three From a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others. Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child“s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years. Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now. Some of their earliest observations have to do with the level of self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like ^acting before thinking“ and “persistence in reaching goals“. The children of the study are now adults in their thirties. Terrie Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with. “The children who had the lowest self-control when they were age L to 10, later on had the most health problems in their thirties, and they had the worst financial situation. And they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income.“ Speaking from New Zealand via Skype, Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed and weren’t just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids. “Even the children who had above-average self-control as pre-schoolers could have benefited from more self control training. They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation 30 years later.“ So, children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems, and so on. Moffitt said ifs still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, though she says other researchers have found that ifs mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence. But good self control can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents. “Whereas some of the low self-control study members are more likely to be single parents with a very low income and the parent is in poor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser. So thafs not a good atmosphere for a child. So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation.“ But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents, and through school curricula that have proved to be effective. Terry Moffitfs paper “On the Link Between Childhood Self-control and Adults’ Status Decades Later“ is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 23.What is the new study about? 24.What does the study seem to show? 25.What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study? Part III Reading comprehension (40 minutes) Section A 【文章大意】随着人工智能的发展，机器人在生活中扮演的角色日益重要，但同时也出现了很多问题，对此，政府制定安全措施以减少潜在危害。
【考核技能】综合能力 【答案解析】 26. A) arises。
空格所在句是由 as 引导的状语从句， 从句是：
As robots take on ever more complex roles， 主句是：the question naturally _____。主句缺谓语，故本空填动词，时态为现在时，选项中符合条件的动词有 ：arises（升起，产生） ， ascends（登高，攀岩） ，结合句意应该选 A。本句大意为 ：
随着机器人扮演更复杂的角色，问题自然就会产生。
27. D) combination。由 The _____of computational power and engineering advances 可知，此空为名词，选项中的名词有 ：
combination（结合） ，manifesting（动名词，表明） ， penalties （惩罚） ，victims（受害人） ，其中 the combination of A and B 意为 ：
A 和 B 的结合。根据原文 The combination of computational power and engineering advances（计算能力和工程学进步的联合） ，combination 更符合题意，所以选 D。
28. F) eventually。本空位于 will 和动词原形 enable 之间，故此空为一副词，选项中的副词有：
eventually（最终地） ，proximately（近似地） ，结合上下文应该选 F。本句意为 ：
计算能力和工程学进步的联合最终会使残疾人的家庭看护成本降低。
29. O) widespread。空格所在句的成分 _____ use of driverless cars 与其上文的 lower-cost in-home care 和其下文的 countless home and service-industry uses 构成并列关系，且都属于名词短语，故空格在此处修饰名词短语 use of driverless cars，选项中只有 widespread 符合题意，widespread use of driverless cars（无人驾驶汽车的普遍使用） ，所以本题选 O。
30. C) bound。本题考查固定搭配。be bound to do/be sth. 意为 ：
一定会，很可能会。结合原文，But there are bound to be problems（但是一定会产生问题） ，这种表达更符合题意，故选 C。
31. H) invade。空格所在句缺少动词，且在谓语 will 之后，故此空为动词原形，选项为动词原形的有 ：interfere（干涉， 介入） ， invade（侵犯） ， 结合原文， invade someone’s privacy（侵犯某人的隐私）表达正确，所以选 H。
32. N) victims。由 Juries sympathetic to the _____ of machines 可知此空为名词（对机器的 _____ 深表同情的陪审团们） ，选项中可选的名词有：
penalties（惩罚） ，victims（受害人） ，其中 the victims of machines（机器的受害者）符合上下文意，故选 N。
33. J) penalties。介词 with 之后跟名词性质的词或短语，且 crushing _____ 和 damages 构成并列关系，选项中 penalties（罚款，刑罚）符合，punish… with… 意为 ：
用……惩罚，本句意为 ：
对这些机器的受害者抱有同情心的陪审团将会对企业家处以足以使企业倒闭的罚金与赔偿金。所以选 J。
34. K) preserving。空格位于 while（在……期间，与……同时）之后，while 之后常跟 doing 非谓语结构省略句，结合上下文大意，K 项的 preserving 符合，即 What should government do to protect people while preserving space for innovation（政府应该怎样做才能在为技术创新保留空间的同时保护公民呢） ，所以选 K。
35. L) programmed。根据所在句大意 ：
应该建立公共安全所依赖的大型复杂系统，以无人驾驶汽车为例，并由承担保证安全性和为事故负责的生产商建造、_____ 和售出。根据句意可知 programmed（编程）符合逻辑，故本题选 L。
Section B 【话题分类】健康 【文章大意】美国日益高昂的医疗成本和医疗保险困扰着每位美国人，想要通过医疗改革解决这一问题需要经过不断的尝试。美国下议院和参议院均推出相关条令和改革方案试图改善目前的医疗状况。
【考核技能】综合能力 36. With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from health expense into wages. 【正确答案】F 【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词 health insurance plans 和关键信息 transfer money from health expense into wages 可将答案定位至原文 F 段，该段首句提到 ：
The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax on health insurance plans（参议院财政法案将强制征收医疗保险的消费税） ，本段又提到 ：
most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages（大部分雇员会将高昂的医疗花费转为工资） ，此段与本题大意相符，故选 F。
37. Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influence lawmakers. 【正确答案】J 【答案解析】根据本题题干中的关键信息 Changes，approved or rejected 和 lobbyists 可将答案定位至 J段的最后一句 The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will（这些变化必须由美国国会统一通过或否决，这会 让利益狭窄的游说团很难说服立法者服从他们的意愿） ，故本题与 J 段匹配。
38. It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America. 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】本句意为 ：
阻止美国高涨的医疗费用并不容易。原文 A 段陈述了美国高昂的医疗成本，关于是否能解决这一问题，作者表示：
The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs（答案是没人能轻易解决医疗成本这个问题） ， curb 意为：
控制， 与原文中的 fix（操纵）相对应， 故本题选 A。
39. Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses. 【正确答案】G 【答案解析】根据题干的关键词 Standardization of forms 和 automatic processing 可将答案定位至原文 G段中间两句 ：
its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade（贸易团体会为自动化过程提供标准形式，据估计，这会为接下来的十年节省数千亿美元） ，所以本题对应 G 段。
40. Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan. 【正确答案】L 【答案解析】本题意为：
共和党人士和保险业强烈反对成立公共保险计划。根据题干中的关键词 Repub-licans，insurance industry 和 opposed to 可将答案定位至 L 段，本段提到 The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republic critics（最终的立法可能会使得竞争围绕公共计划展开，但由于保险业和共和党人士的强烈反对……） ，本题是对该句的同义转述，故选 L。
41. Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions. 【正确答案】H 【答案解析】根据本题的关键词 ：
electronic medical records，eliminate redundant tests 和 prevent drug interactions可将答案定位至 H 段，本段提到 The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper- driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted（经济刺激方案提供的资金将效率低、受纸质驱动的医疗系统转化成可以轻松浏览和传播的电子记录） 。其后又接着说 ：
In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant test, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments（它是时候通过消除冗余的检测、防止出现药物相互作用、帮助医生找到最佳治疗方法，来控制成本） ，所以本题选 H。
42. The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses. 【正确答案】C 【答案解析】本题意为 ：
高昂的医疗服务费和不必要的检测和治疗促使医疗费用增加。原文 C 段提到Medical spending… is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services… and the volume of unnecessary care… which often perform a lot more tests and treatments（医疗费用受两种事物的推进 ：高昂的医疗服务费和不必要的众多检查和治疗费用） ，所以本题选 C。
43. One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect. 【正确答案】I 【答案解析】原文 I 段讲述了医生的收入问题。开头提到 ：
the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high （在医疗服务体系中，医生的收入是跟治疗的数量，而非质量或效果挂钩的，这是造成医疗费用高昂的主要原因） ，故本题符合 I 段的概述。
44. Contrary to analysts’ doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation. 【正确答案】P 【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词 analysts’ doubts 和 negotiation 可将答案定位至原文 P 段 ：
Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work（一些官方分析家质疑部长能比私营保险公司得到更好的价钱，我们相信谈判行得通） ，后面又补充一句 ：
It does in other countries（在其他国家成功了） 。由此可推断作者与分析家的观点相反， 所以本题选 P 段。
45. Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less. 【正确答案】K 【答案解析】根据题干中的关键信息 ：
competition，a strong incentive 可将答案定位至原文 K 段 ：
Andthe head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices（正面竞争可能会给他们有力的刺激，从而降低价格） ，其中 to lower their prices 对应题干的 to charge less，所以选 K 段。
Section C Passage One 【话题分类】环境与发展 【文章大意】水资源短缺， 灌溉设备成本高， 很多发展中国家的农民不得不使用下水道污水灌溉农作物，而相关研究人员表示这种行为利大于弊，污水灌溉产生的农业经济效益要超过潜在的健康问题。
46.【正确答案】 C 【考核技能】态度信息 【答案解析】原文第一段提到农民使用下水道污水灌溉，作者对此做出的评价是 ：
it may not be a bad thing（这也许不是一件坏事） ，紧接着在第二段解释 ：
While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food（尽管这一行为会给很多人带来严重的健康风险，对于需要得到粮食供应的贫穷的城市农民和消费者来说，与社会和经济收益比，那些风险没那么重要） ，由此可知作者认为污水灌溉利大于弊，这与 C 项利大于弊的态度相符，所以本题选 C。
47.【正确答案】 C 【考核技能】观点意见 【答案解析】原文第五段具体讲述了使用下水道污水灌溉带来的健康问题 ：
farmers risk absorbing disease-causing bacteria, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed（农民们有感染病菌的风险， 就像消费者吃生的和未洗的产品时也有感染病菌的风险） ，故疾病或有害病菌是农民和消费者面临的主 要问题，C 选项意思与上句相同。故本题选 C。
48.【正确答案】 A 【考核技能】态度信息 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 Pay Drechsel 可将答案定位至原文第五段的最后一句，But 之后即为 本题的答案 Pay Drechsel, … argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks（Pay Drechsel 认为使用未处理的人类垃圾水灌溉粮食所产生的社会 和经济效益比相应的健康风险重要） ，由此可知 Pay Drechsel 对污水灌溉持支持态度，所以本题选 A。
49.【正确答案】 B 【考核技能】方式方法 【答案解析】第五段 Pay Drechsel 提出利大于弊后，接着在第六段对于健康风险提出建议 ：
Those dan- gers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education（可通过教育农民和消费者来消除那些风险） ， 故本题选 B。
50.【正确答案】 A 【考核技能】观点意见 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 James Bartram 可将答案定位至文章末段，James Bartram 认为 Overly strict standards often fails（过于严格的标准往往会失败） ，We need to accept that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason（在全球大部分地区我 们都需要接受这个事实，所以几乎未经处理的垃圾有充分的理由被用于农业） ，所以 James Bartram 同 意用污水灌溉，即他赞同 Pay Drechsel 的观点，所以本题选 A。
Passage Two 【话题分类】日常生活 【文章大意】随着社会的变化，厨房的地位也发生了本质性的变化。与以前不同，厨房现在日益成为了 现代家庭住房的核心组成和身份的彰显，人们在厨房用具和设计上也花了较多的心思。
51.【正确答案】 D 【考核技能】态度信息 【答案解析】根据答案顺序原则，首先将答案定位到首段，本段作者提到：
Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs. Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house （烹 饪成了一种偶尔的嗜好以及名厨们的一种媒介， 可奇怪的是厨房却成了现代家庭的核心） ， 所以本题选 D。
52.【正确答案】 B 【考核技能】缘由结果 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 Georgian-style kitchen 可将答案定位至原文第三段，最后一句提到了 Georgian-style kitchen 的卖点 ：
Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it. You won’t see this kitchen anywhere else in the word（它的一个大卖点是其他人无法拥有它，这种厨房在世界上其他任何地方也看 不到了） ，即这种厨房世界上独一无二，无法复制，选项 B 符合原文，故选 B。
53.【正确答案】 D 【考核技能】事件背景 【答案解析】本题问厨房地位的变化反映了什么事实。根据第四段首句 ：
The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants for the modern family tells the story of a century of social change（曾经专属于仆人的房间，在现代家庭中地位得到了提升，这讲述了一个世纪的社会变迁） ，故厨房地位的变化 反映了社会变化，所以本题选 D。
54.【正确答案】 A 【考核技能】观点意见 【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词 Beecher sisters 可将答案定位至文章第五段，本段提到 Beecher 对厨房持激进的创新思维，具体表现在 ：
the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman’s work and promote order（Beecher 姐妹，引荐 了一种科学的家政管理方法来提高女性的工作效率并改善秩序） 。故在 Beecher 姐妹看来，厨房是女性 工作更有效率的地方，本题选 A。
55.【正确答案】 B 【考核技能】得出结论 【答案解析】 根据文章最后一段 ：
designed in the 1920s…，It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today’s kitchen（该厨房设计于 20 世纪 20 年代，这是现代主义的胜利，很多元 素都保持着当今厨房的核心特色） 。所以本题选 B。
Part IV Translation 【参考译文】 Qipao is a kind of elegant Chinese dress, which originated from Manchu Nationality in China. In the Qing Dynasty, qipao was a loose robe worn by the royal women. In the 1920s, influenced by western clothing, it has undergone some changes. For example, the cuffs became narrower, and the robe became shorter. These changes enable qipao to fully bring out the feminine beauty. Today, qipao often appears on the world-class fashion shows. It is usually the first choice for Chinese women when they attend social parties. Meanwhile, many Chinese brides would choose it as their wedding dress. Some influen- tial persons even suggested that qipao should be made the national costume for Chinese women.
